COVER

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

     Scenery
     Scenery related to rocks
     Scenery is everywhere changing
     Other reasons for knowing about rocks
     Geology and geologists
     How do geologists work?

ROCKS AND THE ORIGIN OF THE EARTH

     Earth's interior
     Igneous rocks
     Weathering and erosion
     Sedimentary rocks
     Fossils
     Metamorphic rocks

MINERALS

     Table of minerals
     How minerals are recognized
     Colour
     Lustre
     Hardness
     Specific gravity
     Streak
     What is a crystal?
     Cleavage
     Chemical composition
     Key for identification of minerals

EROSION AND SCULPTURING OF THE LAND

     Landslides and rock-falls
     Slow slides and creep

WIND AS AN AGENT OF EROSION

     Where is wind active?
     Deflation and abrasion
     Sand dunes
     Other effects
     Volcanic dust
     Summary

UNDERGROUND WATER

     Where it comes from
     Springs and wells
     Caves and sinks
     Summary

RIVERS

     Rivers and valleys
     Amount of water in rivers
     How rivers cut and carry
     Deltas
     Youthful rivers and waterfalls
     Mature and old age streams
     Why classify things?
     Patterns of rivers
     Rivers that cross mountains
     Summary

OCEANS AND SHORELINES

     Oceans generally
     The bottom of the sea
     Waves
     Sand and mud
     Different kinds of shorelines
     Summary

GLACIERS

     Introduction
     An icecap is formed
     What the icecap did
     Two kinds of glaciers
     Icebergs
     How glaciers flow
     The effects of moving ice
     Where did our icecap begin?
     Great glacial lakes
     Rivers and lakes
     Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence
     Summary

ISLANDS

     Islands of submergence
     Volcanic islands
     Islands made by rivers
     Islands made by waves
     Islands of erosion
     Coral Islands

LAKES

     Glacial lakes
     Lakes made by landslides and lava flows
     Lakes made by river erosion
     Lakes by interior drainage
     Man-made lakes
     Animal-made lakes
     Volcanic and structural lakes
     Sink lakes
     Conclusion

GEOLOGICAL TIME

     Introduction
     Great events of the past
     The fossil calendar
     The latest is on top
     Radioactive clocks
     The geological calendar
     Living things and their history
     Scenery on the calendar

EARTH'S ARCHITECTURE

     Flat rocks and folded rocks
     Faults
     Kinds of Folds and Faults
     Veins
     Summary

THE FORMATION OF MOUNTAINS

     Introduction
     Volcanic mountains
     Mountains by subtraction
     Geosynclinal mountains
     Conclusion

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

     Conclusion